La cadena perpetua no protege a los niños, niñas y adolescentes y genera una falsa sensación de justicia,
Presentamos ante la Corte Constitucional una demanda contra la reforma a la Constitución que establece la cadena perpetua.
Le estamos proponiendo a la Corte Constitucional y a la sociedad un debate integral sobre la respuesta del Estado a las violencias contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes, y sobre la necesidad de buscar medidas realmente efectivas para prevenirlas y luchar contra la impunidad.
La reforma constitucional no ataca una sola parte, ni mínima, de la impunidad estructural de los crímenes contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes. De acuerdo con la información de la Fiscalía General de la Nación y del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, la impunidad en los casos de violencias contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes esta entre el 95% y el 98%.
La reforma de la Constitución que establece la cadena perpetua no protege la dignidad de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, como dijeron los promotores de esta iniciativa, porque no adopta medidas para su protección o atención ni aborda los problemas sustanciales de los fenómenos de violencia. Una legislación interesada en proteger efectivamente a esta población debería responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las medidas para promover y facilitar la denuncia? ¿Cómo debe ser la atención y reparación para las víctimas, a cargo del Estado? ¿Cómo reducir la impunidad? ¿Cuáles son las acciones concretas que deben emprenderse para prevenir los crímenes?
El aumento de las penas genera una falsa sensación de justicia que permite la continuidad de la impunidad. La cadena perpetua no da respuestas ni profundas ni integrales a las necesidades de las víctimas y de la sociedad frente al crimen y su prevención. El problema que debe atender el Estado y las autoridades no es de bajas penas sino de alta impunidad, en el caso de las violencias contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes.
La reforma constitucional no aporta una sola medida para que el Estado opere adecuadamente para investigar, juzgar y sancionar a los responsables. Por el contrario, cosifica a los niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas al no darles respuestas frente a la afectación de sus derechos, más allá del castigo a sus victimarios.
El Gobierno nacional y el Congreso ya tienen competencias para establecer una política pública integral para proteger a los niños, niñas y adolescentes, con alertas tempranas, educación, prevención, acompañamiento psicológico y la garantía de una efectiva judicialización y condena de los responsables cuando sus derechos resulten vulnerados. La reforma constitucional que se planteó, reiteramos, no aporta nada para ello.
Finalmente, creemos que nuevamente el Congreso incumplió el procedimiento para la expedición de la reforma, infringiendo la Constitución y su reglamento interno, por la ausencia de trámite de las recusaciones presentadas en séptimo y octavo debate. Si este era realmente un tema tan importante para las y los congresistas ¿por qué se incumplió el procedimiento para su expedición? ¿por qué no se actuó con diligencia y garantías democráticas para su aprobación?
Comisión Colombiana de Juristas, Representante a la Cámara Ángela María Robledo, Senador Roy Barreras y Senador Iván Cepeda.
22 de julio de 2020
La vocería de esta acción la tendrá el doctor Gustavo Gallón Giraldo, director de la Comisión Colombiana de Juristas. Contacto de prensa: 318 7170001.
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