Informan a la Fiscalía de la CPI sobre abuso policial en movilizaciones durante gobierno de Iván Duque.

Informan a la Fiscalía de la CPI sobre abuso policial en movilizaciones durante gobierno de Iván Duque.

  • Congresistas, concejales y defensores de DDHH dieron a conocer hechos graves con características de crimen de lesa humanidad que se han cometido en Colombia.
  • En 75 hechos ocurridos en 10 departamentos narran la violación extrema y extensiva de los derechos humanos contra  2.007 personas.
  • Registran hechos sobre la posible responsabilidad del Presidente de la República y del Ministro de Defensa, de quien solicitan abrir investigación. 

Bogotá, 29 de septiembre de 2020.- Congresistas, concejales y defensores de DD.HH. enviaron este martes una comunicación a la Fiscalía de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) informando sobre la presunta comisión de delitos de lesa humanidad en modalidad de asesinatos, torturas, privaciones graves de la libertad física, violencia sexual y deportaciones forzadas ocurridas en Colombia durante manifestaciones públicas y pacíficas ocurridas entre el 24 de agosto de 2018 y el 13 de septiembre de 2020.

Las acciones tuvieron como víctimas a personas civiles que ejercían su derecho a la protesta social o  en determinados casos, que se encontraban en zonas aledañas a las protestas sin participar directamente de ellas.

“Las víctimas se han enfrentado a sufrimientos que van más allá de los actos criminales, se han visto enfrentados a la estigmatización social, a acusaciones falsas y temerarias que el gobierno les hace endilgándoles el calificativo de ‘vándalos’ o ‘terroristas’ afectando no solo su honra y buen nombre. En ningún caso las víctimas que aquí se han documentado hacían parte de grupos armados al margen de la ley”, dice la comunicación.

Los hechos involucran a autoridades policiales y, en algunos casos, a miembros de las Fuerzas Militares. Por ello,  los firmantes solicitan a la CPI analizar la información suministrada a la luz del Estatuto de Roma, visitar a  Colombia y solicitarle al Estado colombiano información adicional sobre la investigación, procesamiento y sanción por el sistema penal colombiano al personal policial y los máximos responsables involucrados en los crímenes de lesa humanidad ocurridos durante las protestas sociales.

Asimismo, se registran hechos sobre la posible responsabilidad del Presidente de la República y del Ministro de Defensa. “El actuar de los altos mandos, particularmente del presidente de la República, Iván Duque, y el ministro de Defensa, Carlos Holmes Trujillo, fue en el menor de los casos permisivo ante las conductas criminales. Los hechos descritos en la presente comunicación muestran cómo estos altos mandos contribuyeron de forma directa e indirecta en la comisión de los crímenes al tolerarlos, incluso si tuvieron o no una participación determinante”.

Expresan que pese a la comisión de estos graves hechos, el sistema de justicia colombiano no ha juzgado penalmente a ningún alto mando militar cuando existen procesos que corroboran la comisión de los crímenes de manera directa por personal bajo su mando, cumpliéndose así una eventual admisibilidad ante la CPI de conformidad con el artículo 17 del Estatuto de Roma. “De la misma forma se satisfacen los elementos de gravedad y la consideración de que una investigación por la Fiscalía de la Corte Penal Internacional redundaría en el interés de la justicia”, señalan.

Además, informan sobre la omisión del ministro Trujillo frente a la reciente decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia que en un fallo de tutela concluyó que durante las movilizaciones de noviembre existió -y advierte que puede seguir existiendo- una reiterada y constante agresión desproporcionada de la fuerza pública contra quienes, de manera pacífica, se manifiestan en ejercicio del derecho fundamental consagrado en el artículo 37 de la Constitución Política.

“Pese a ser consciente de la gravedad y magnitud de la violencia que se estaba ejerciendo en contra de la población civil, el Ministro de Defensa asumió una actitud cómplice y no hizo un llamado público y enfático a las fuerzas policiales para garantizar la vida de las personas que hacían parte de las manifestaciones”, indican.

Informan a la CPI que la política de tolerancia se puede evidenciar en tres actos del Presidente de la República y del Ministro de Defensa: 1) no prohibir el uso de la escopeta calibre 12 pese a llamado del Ministerio Público en enero de 2020; 2) la falta de política de prevención y sanción de funcionarios policiales involucrados en crímenes de lesa humanida, y 3) el desacato de órdenes judiciales encaminadas a la reparación de las víctimas.

Por lo anterior, solicitan a la CPI que determine, de acuerdo con el artículo 53 del Estatuto de Roma, la posible admisibilidad y la apertura de una investigación contra el ministro Carlos Holmes Trujillo. 

Los casos documentados comprueban una serie de patrones que dan cuenta del actuar criminal repetido por los miembros de la Policía Nacional y otras fuerzas de seguridad del Estado: 1) usar armas de letalidad reducida de forma contraria a los protocolos, ocasionando la muerte intencionada de manifestantes; 2) usar armas de fuego en contextos de protesta social sin que existiera fundamento legal; 3) ocultar distintivos que permitiera establecer la identidad de los perpetradores; 4) negar sistemáticamente los lugares de detención-retención de civiles y alegar  detenciones “en flagrancia”; 5) usar indebida y masivamente la detención administrativa (traslado por protección) como mecanismo de detención ilegal; 6) emplear durante la retención en instalaciones policiales, la tortura contra las víctimas,  con tácticas que incluían golpes, choques eléctrico y violencia sexual, y 7) usar vehículos no oficiales para el transporte de detenidos.

Además señalan que la política usada para contener la protesta social incluyó una imposición de discursos que asociaban a la protesta con el vandalismo y el terrorismo, por lo que durante estos dos años del gobierno Duque la Policía y miembros de las Fuerzas Militares se vieron facultados y motivados, no solo, para cometer de forma sistemática crímenes graves, sino támbien, para darle un tratamiento de combatiente al ciudadano en ejercicio de sus derechos.

“Es difícil aseverar que se trata de un acto aislado o esporádico de violencia. Por el contrario, las características de los hechos se encuadran en un ataque generalizado y dirigido contra una multitud de personas, sobre el cual existe un móvil discriminatorio por motivos políticos”, manifiestan los congresistas, concejales y defensores de DD.HH.

La comunicación fue enviada por los congresistas Iván Cepeda, Angela María Robledo, María José Pizarro y Antonio Sanguino; los concejales de Bogotá Diego Cancino, Carlos Carrillo, Heidy Sánchez; Brahiam Corredor, de Humanidad Vigente Corporación Jurídica en representación de la campaña Defender la Libertad: asunto de todas; Reinaldo Villalba y Alirio Uribe, del Colectivo de Abogados José Alvear Restrepo; Franklin Castañeda, del Comité de Solidaridad con los Presos Políticos; Germán Romero, de DH Colombia; Sebastian Lanz y Emilia Márquez, de Temblores ONG.

CIFRAS

  • Entre  octubre de 2018 a septiembre de 2020 se privó de manera ilegal de la libertad a 1.923 civiles durante procedimientos policiales.
  • Veinte (20) personas fueron torturadas durante la privación ilegal de su libertad.
  • Durante los últimos dos años se han registrado 30 hechos en los que 57 personas perdieron la vida en protestas sociales. 

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